Encephalartos bubalinus

Encephalartos bubalinus has an upright or sometimes reclining stem, reaching 35–45 cm in diameter and up to 2 meters in height as it matures. Its pinnate leaves, forming a crown at the top of the stem, are 60 to 160 cm long and consist of 50-90 pairs of tough leaflets arranged alternately along the midrib at a 45° angle, becoming spiny near the base. This dioecious species produces male cones measuring 27.5–55 cm in length and 13–5 cm in diameter, as well as female cones that are 32-45 cm long and 20–25 cm wide, both greenish in color. The seeds, roughly ovoid and 30–40 mm long, are enveloped in a red-orange sarcotesta.