Yazoo Darter

Yazoo darters grow up to 65 millimetres (2.6 in) standard length. Males are slightly larger than females and are brightly colored when breeding.

The Yazoo darter inhabits small, clear, mostly spring-fed streams with substrates that include clay, sand, gravel, or silt. Its range encompasses headwater streams in the Little Tallahatchie River's watershed, including the Tippah River and Cypress Creek. The range includes Benton, Lafayette, Marshall, Tate, Tippah, and Union counties and parts of Holly Springs National Forest. Prior to 2020, populations in the Yocona River watershed were considered to be a unique clade of E. raneyi. Based on mitochondrial DNA, it was initially determined that there are two monophyletic clades, those in the Little Tallahatchie River and those in the Yocona River drainages. Further genetic and morphological analyses determined the two populations were different species, with E. raneyi in the Little Tallahatchie River watershed, while the population in the Yocona River watershed was described as a new species, E. faulkneri.

Most individuals do not survive past their first year, and few individuals survive more than two years. Individuals primarily eat insects.

The Yazoo darter was first formally described in 1994 by Royal Dallas Suttkus and Henry L. Bart with the type locality given as Hurricane Creek, a tributary to Tallahatchie River in the Yazoo River drainage, at Mississippi Highway 7 in Lafayette County, Mississippi. The specific name honors the American ichthyologist Edward Cowden Raney (1909–1984) of Cornell University.

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