Brachycephalus curupira

It is 8.3 to 10.4 millimeters long, with the head accounting for 34% of the size. The snout is small and almost as long as the eye, appearing rounded when viewed ventrally and laterally. The nostrils are protuberant and directed anteroventrally, the canthus rostralis is not noticeable, and the lips are close to the sigmoid. The loreal region is slightly concave and the eyes are protuberant. The tympanic membrane is imperceptible. Its tongue is as large as its body and the posterior part is not attached to the lower part of the mouth, and the choana is relatively small and rounded. Its limbs are relatively thin, with the upper limbs larger than the lower limbs. Its body is smooth, due to the lack of osteoderms, with the exception of the lateral and ventral thighs, which have small, circular or oval glands. From an osteological point of view, it is quite similar to other individuals of the genus. It has fewer fingers than other species. It is brown all over its body, with some individuals having a few yellow dots on the belly and a faint, dark X on the front of the back. Its iris is black with golden dots. The species is very resistant to cold and feeds on invertebrates that live on the ground, such as mites, spiders and ants. In one of the specimens analyzed a large isopod was found, which are usually eaten by amphibians of the genus. …

The only place where the species is known is in the city of São José dos Pinhais and surroundings, inhabiting 3 types of biomes: cloud forest, montane forest and secondary forest. It has an estimated distribution of 2,211 hectares and is quite abundant, with up to one individual every 2 and 3 square meters in the most populated areas. Its distribution is strongly associated with the bamboo species Chusquea sp. Although it is abundant and has an active vocalization during the day, it is difficult to find, because it is mostly camouflaged in fallen leaves on the ground. In its area of occurrence, plantations, granite mines, residential areas and roads have been found, which, along with attitudes such as construction of transmission lines, logging and forest fires, can threaten the species and local biodiversity. However, the biggest threat is the cultivation of Pinus sp., which can increase the area of exposed rock in the forests, which prevents its recovery, and also decreases the quality of the soil and affects the microclimate of the region. Because of this and the lack of concrete information on its expansion, researchers consider it a data-deficient species. After the discovery of the species, 34 species are counted as belonging to the genus Brachycephalus and 1 045 amphibian species can be found in Brazil.