Portuguese arched-mouth nase

Iberochondrostoma lusitanicum is endemic to Portugal where it is found in the lower Tagus and in nearby river systems from the Lizandro south to the Ribeira da Junqueira stream at Sines. The boga-portuguesa is found in the upper reaches of coastal streams and small rivers where the current is slow and where there are significant variations to the discharge of these streams with some stretches drying out seasonally. In dry periods some fish take refuge in shaded isolated pools and recolonise the waterway from these in wetter periods. There is a resident population in the Lagoa de Albufeira at Setúbal.

Iberochondrostoma lusitanicum belongs to the genus Iberochondrostoma, a name which prefixes Ibero- to denote the Iberian Peninsula with Chondrostoma, the genus in which these fishes were formerly classified in. The specific name, lusitanicum, means "belonging to Lusitania", Lusitania being the ancient name for Portugal, where this species is endemic.