Blue-and-white Flycatcher

The blue-and-white flycatcher is a large flycatcher (16–17 cm long, weight 25 g on average) with a striking plumage pattern. The male is deep cobalt blue, with black on the face down to the upper part of the breast and flanks, the rest of the underside white. There is also a prominent white patch on the base of the outer tail feathers. Immature males have the adult male's blue wings, but are otherwise brown like females. The female is smaller on average than the male, with head, face and most of upperparts grey-brown, and pale beige-white on the lower part of the middle of the throat, young males are very similar. The female has a smaller-headed profile than other brown flycatchers in range. The song is a short, melancholic sounding series of whistles.

Blue-and-white flycatchers breed in primary and secondary lowland and submontane forests (including taiga, wooded slopes, and gullies) up to 1200 metres, and also in riverine thickets and plantations. Outside the breeding season, it uses coastal woodland, scrub, parks, and gardens, and in Borneo winters at elevations up to 1850 metres in forested hills, lower montane forest, plantations, and logged lowland forest. These flycatchers are most active in the morning.

It feeds mainly on insects and larvae, but also eats berries, including pokeweed.

The species was first described in 1829 by Coenraad Jacob Temminck under the binomial name Muscicapa cyanomelana, and was transferred to its own genus Cyanoptila by Edward Blyth in 1847, on the basis of structural differences from other flycatchers, including its wing length and bill dimensions. The genus name comes from ancient Greek; "kuanos" meaning dark blue, and "ptilon", plumage. The specific cyanomelana also comes from "kuanos", paired with melas, melanos meaning dark, black.

Subspecies. Two subspecies are accepted:

C. c. cyanomelana (Temminck, 1829) - breeds in Japan and the southern Kuril Islands; it migrates south to winter in Myanmar, Thailand, and the Greater Sundas. C. c. intermedia (Weigold, 1922) - breeds in northeastern China (Heilongjiang southward to northeastern Hebei, north and east of Beijing), southeastern Russia (Amur Oblast and Primorsky Krai), and the Korean peninsula; it migrates south to winter in Myanmar, Thailand, and the Greater Sundas. A former third subspecies from further southwest in China is now treated as a separate species, Zappey's flycatcher C. cumatilis.