Four-lined Snake

The species' common name refers to the markings seen on the body of adult snakes: four dark stripes running along a yellowish brown body. Juveniles, by contrast, have a dorsal series of dark brown blotches with alternating dark brown spots on the sides, all on a pale brown background. A black line runs from the corner of the eye and the belly is cream to white with darker markings. Adults can reach a length of 180 cm (5 ft 11 in), rarely 200 cm (6 ft 7 in). Adults are among the heaviest European snakes but are greatly variably in size, with males potentially weighing from 250 to 1,000 g (0.6 to 2.2 lb) and females potentially weighing from 400 to 1,400 g (0.9 to 3.1 lb) within the Aegean Islands.

Four-lined snakes are found in Italy, along the whole western coast of the Balkan Peninsula, in the western half of Greece and many of the Greek islands, the region of Macedonia, the southwestern corner of Bulgaria, coastal Slovenia, coastal Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Albania. The number of snakes and the density of the populations are unknown.

The four-lined snake favours areas with a Mediterranean climate and is found in habitats featuring vegetation, stone walls, sparse woodland, forest margins and deserted buildings. In the winter, individuals spend their time in deserted rodent burrows in groups of four to seven. Their behaviour is generally calmer than that of other snakes (seldom hissing or striking) and they are usually active in the morning and late afternoon. Excellent climbers, they can often be found in the tops of trees.