Red-headed Vulture

It is a medium-sized vulture of 76 to 86 cm (30 to 34 in) in length, weighing 3.5–6.3 kg (7.7–13.9 lb) and having a wingspan of about 1.99–2.6 m (6.5–8.5 ft). It has a prominent naked head: deep-red to orange in the adult, paler red in the juvenile. It has a black body with pale grey band at the base of the flight feathers. The sexes differ in colour of the iris: males have a paler, whitish iris, whilst in females it is dark brown.

The red-headed vulture is very similar in appearance to its larger relative the lappet-faced vulture in Africa and Arabia, even being historically placed in the genus Torgos

This gaudy-faced vulture was historically abundant, range widely across the Indian subcontinent, and also eastwards to south-central and south-eastern Asia, extending from India to Singapore. Today the range of the red-headed vulture is localized primarily to northern India. It is usually in open country and in cultivated and semi-desert areas. It is also found in deciduous forests and foothills and river valleys. It is usually found up to an altitude of 3000m from sea level.

A significant factor in the rapid decline of red-headed vulture populations since the 21st century is the pharmaceutical NSAID diclofenac, used to treat livestock. This substance has proven highly toxic to vultures, leading to mortality from renal failure and visceral gout. Recent findings indicate that red-headed vulture populations in India have shown signs of recovery following a ban on diclofenac, suggesting the drug's adverse effects on the species.