Rufous-tailed Antthrush

The rufous-tailed antthrush is 19 to 20 cm (7.5 to 7.9 in) long and weighs about 63 to 125 g (2.2 to 4.4 oz). The sexes are alike. Adults have a rufescent brown crown. They have white lores, a white streak behind their eye, and a whitish streak on the side of their neck. Their upperparts and wings are mostly rufescent brown with a less rufescent rump and uppertail coverts. Their tail is entirely rufescent brown. Their throat is white with small blackish spots that may look like a stripe. Their lower belly is white. The rest of their underparts are mostly buff that is darkest on the breast. They have black streaks on their sides and flanks and their crissum has black bars. Their iris is dark brown, their maxilla brownish black, their mandible pinkish white with black edges, and their legs and feet brownish gray with a light pink tinge.

The rufous-tailed antthrush is found in southeastern Brazil from eastern Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo south as far as northern Rio Grande do Sul and west slightly into northeastern Argentina's Misiones Province. It inhabits the interior and edges of humid montane forest and mature secondary woodlands, favoring areas with dense undergrowth. In elevation it ranges between 600 and 2,200 m (2,000 and 7,200 ft).

The rufous-tailed antthrush's diet and foraging behavior are not known in detail, though it is known to feed on insects and spiders. It is almost entirely terrestrial. It walks slowly and deliberately on the forest floor, usually alone or in pairs.