Fence-rail Cladonia

Cladonia parasitica mainly grows on old oak and pine wood. The thallus is brown or grey. The squamules are minutely divided and look like coral or small scales. When apothecia are present they take the form of small brown morel-like protrusions atop the branches. The species is found in North America and Eurasia in the boreal, boreal-nemoral, and nemoral regions. Cladonia parasitica is considered a red-listed species in Sweden, categorized as (Near Threatened). It is used as a signal species, indicating high-value old-growth forest. Its secondary metabolites include barbatic acid, decarboxythamnolic acid and thamnolic acid.