Blackmound Termite

Workers range in size from 4mm to 4.5mm in length and have relatively large white heads. Workers can live relatively long lives exceeding nine months. They mostly harvest humus and dead damp organic plant matter for consumption whilst underground, rarely foraging for food on the surface. Soldiers are larger than workers, ranging in size from 5mm to 5.5mm in length, and they have larger heads that are yellow or red in colour. A large part of the head is taken up by a frontal gland that excretes a colourless, sticky fluid that has a strong irritant effect on other insects. There tends to be one soldier for every twenty to thirty workers. Soldiers rely on workers to feed them. White nymphs are found in mature mounds older than two or three years old in February and March, and emerge as sexually reproductive alates to undergo mating flights in April or May after the first autumn rains. Queens can reach a length of 15mm and freely move about the centre of the mound. Each mound has multiple kings and queens with up to thirty-five queens in a mound.

The parasites of Amitermes hastatus include two species of mites, Termitacarus cuneiformis and Cosmoglyphus kramerii. Another species of termite, Termes winifredae, often cohabits in very close proximity to A. hastatus as an inquiline. T. winifredae numbers tend to be small in number and pose little threat to A. hastatus, with the two species rarely mixing even though their tunnels and chambers might run parallel to each other. Should one of the two species break into the other's colony, they will fight, with A. hastatus tending to beat back T. winifredae. A species of springtail is also known to be a common inhabit of A. hastatus nests, and larvae of the fly Termitometopia skaifei are found in some nests. Larger animals such as aardvarks and lizards such as southern rock agamas are known to eat various termite species, including A. hastatus.

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