Pontomyia

Pontomyia is a genus of flightless marine midges belonging to the subfamily Chironominae in the Chironomidae family. They are known from the island shorelines of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Insects in marine environments are extremely rare, and this genus possesses a combination of flightlessness, extreme sexual dimorphism, and an extremely short adult life span (of less than 3 hours).

The genus was described by Frederick Wallace Edwards in 1926 from Samoa. They were originally described as being submarine midges. Four species were described in the genus P. natans (Edward 1924), P. cottoni (Wormersley 1937), P. pacifica (Tokunaga 1964), and P. oceana (Tokunaga 1964) but DNA analysis determined that P. cottoni was not distinguishable from P. natans. Larvae from Puerto Rico were found to be close enough to P. natans based on DNA sequences. This suggests that species in the genus are capable of being dispersed widely across oceans. Algae attached to sea turtles have been found carrying Pontomyia larvae and this form of hitch-hiking can potentially serve as means of dispersal.